What Is Marijuana? Understanding Cannabis, Its Effects & Treatment Options
Marijuana—also known as weed, cannabis, pot, grass, ganja, or Mary Jane—comes from the Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica plant. The dried flowers, leaves, stems, and buds contain over 100 cannabinoids, including:
- THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) – the primary psychoactive compound
- CBD (cannabidiol) – a non-intoxicating compound with therapeutic uses
People consume marijuana in several ways:
- Smoking in joints, blunts, pipes, vaporizers, or bongs
- Vaping THC oils or cannabis concentrates
- Eating edibles (brownies, gummies, baked goods)
- Drinking infused beverages like teas
- Using concentrates such as hash, wax, or shatter
Potency varies widely, and high-THC concentrates are increasing in popularity—raising concerns about long-term mental health effects.
Marijuana laws differ by state and country. Some regions allow both medical and recreational use, some allow only medical use, and others prohibit cannabis entirely. Always check local laws before using.
Short-Term Effects of Marijuana
Short-term marijuana use may cause:
- Relaxation or euphoria
- Altered perception of time
- Heightened sensory awareness
- Increased appetite
However, not all short-term effects are positive. Cannabis can also cause:
- Impaired coordination
- Decreased reaction time
- Mood changes
- Anxiety or paranoia
- Difficulty problem-solving
- Memory problems
In high doses, THC may cause:
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorientation
Long-Term Effects of Chronic Marijuana Use
Long-term or heavy use can lead to:
- Attention and memory problems
- Reduced motivation or ambition
- Increased anxiety or depression
- Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (persistent nausea/vomiting)
- Higher risk of misusing other substances
- Impaired learning and impulse control, especially in teens
Physical risks include:
- Chronic cough or respiratory infections (from smoking)
- Increased heart rate and heart attack risk
- Potential heightened risk of psychosis, especially with high-potency THC
Because today’s cannabis products are significantly stronger than past generations’, researchers are still studying the long-term effects of high-THC marijuana.
Does Marijuana Cause Withdrawal?
Yes—marijuana withdrawal is real. While not typically dangerous, chronic users may experience:
- Irritability
- Anxiety
- Sleep disturbances
- Low appetite
- Headaches
- Cravings
- Mood swings
Withdrawal occurs when the body becomes dependent on THC and reacts when the user stops.
Marijuana Addiction Treatment Options
Marijuana addiction is treatable, and many people make full recoveries with structured support. Levels of care include:
- Inpatient Marijuana Rehab Live at a treatment center with 24/7 support, ideal for those with severe dependence or co-occurring disorders.
- Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) Full-day treatment while living at home; typically 5–7 days per week.
- Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) 3–5 treatment days per week, offering flexibility with strong therapeutic support.
- Standard Outpatient (OP) 1–2 sessions weekly; best for mild cannabis misuse or step-down care after a higher level of treatment.
Therapies Used in Marijuana Addiction Treatment
Evidence-based therapies include:
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Helps replace unhealthy thought patterns and behaviors.
- Contingency Management (CM) Provides rewards for maintaining abstinence and meeting recovery goals.
- Motivational Interviewing (MI) Strengthens internal motivation to quit marijuana.
- Relapse Prevention Counseling Builds skills to manage cravings, stress, and triggers.
If co-occurring mental health conditions are present, dual diagnosis care is recommended.
Can You Relapse on Marijuana?
Yes. Marijuana relapse is common, especially during early recovery. If it happens:
- Reach out to your treatment provider
- Re-enter therapy
- Strengthen your relapse prevention plan
- Reconnect with support groups
Relapse is not failure—it’s a normal part of the recovery journey.
Questions to Ask Your Provider About Marijuana Treatment
When discussing treatment with your doctor, consider asking:
- What are the benefits and risks of each treatment option?
- Do I need a medical or psychiatric assessment before starting?
- What does relapse prevention planning include?
- Can you treat co-occurring disorders like anxiety or depression?
- Will my insurance cover treatment?
How to Find Marijuana Treatment & Support
You are not alone. Help is available through:
- Marijuana rehab centers
- Telehealth providers
- Primary care physicians
- Supportive friends and family
Recovery from marijuana addiction is possible with the right treatment and support.
